经济增长转型与就业促进

创造就业机会,解决失业问题,已经成为中国政府亟待解决的首要经济发展目标。本文深入分析了改革开放以来经济增长与就业增长之间、资本增长与就业增长之间、工资增长与就业增长之间的关系,并进一步深讨了经济转轨各个阶段就业模式的变化,以及正规就业与非正规就业对就业增长的影响。在此基础上,作者明确指出,经济增长与投资增长对扩大就业的作用正逐渐削弱,宏观经济政策与就业政策的改革也不足以彻底缓解就业压力,解决失业问题的关键在于实现经济增长模式从"经济增长优先"向"就业增长优先"型的转变,正确处理和协调劳动力密集型产业与资本密集型产业之间、劳工利益与资本利益之间、扩大内需与创造就业之间的关系。

Priority Transition of Economic Growth and Employment Promotion

To solve the unemployment problem and create more jobs for the massive labor force has been the foremost economic development objective for the Chinese government. This paper gives a detailed analysis of the relations between economic growth and employment growth since reform and discusses the relationship between capital growth and employment growth, and between wage growth and employment growth. Furthermore, this paper examines the changes in employment growth model at each stage of economic transition. Finally, the authors clearly point out that the promotion of employment by economic growth and investment growth is increasingly weakened, and the reform on macroeconomic policy and employment policy is also insufficient to relieve the unemployment pressure. The key to solve the unemployment problem relies on the changes in the economic growth model from economic growth priority toward employment growth priority, the correct handling of the relations between labor-intensive industries and capital-intensive industries, and the proper coordination between expanding domestic demand and creating employment opportunities.