新型城镇化背景下劳动力转移对农户生计策略选择的影响分析

农村劳动力转移与农户生计的可持续发展息息相关。从家庭决策的角度出发,劳动力的转移改变了农户发展生计的"能力",影响着农户对各种资本的获得和使用,有助于农户快速地积累和形成生计资本组合并呈多样化。劳动力转移这一行为和经历构成了家庭成员进行新的生计选择的背景和前提条件,在资本变动和要素约束下,农户进行着不同的生产决策,并形成不同类型的生计策略。基于此,本研究以甘肃各地州市农民人均纯收入的构成为基础,探讨甘肃省农村居民可行的生计策略选择;并以农村非农劳动力流动与城镇流动为对象,定量描述农村劳动力转移、城镇化率、教育水平、人均耕地面积对不同生计策略的影响。结果表明:农村非农劳动力转移与以工资性收入为主的生计策略选择高度相关,累积的农村向城市转移劳动力与以家庭经营性收入为主的生计策略选择高度相关,当采取混合型生计策略时,农村劳动力转移并不利于混合型收入的提高。

Effects Analysis of Transferring of Rural Labor on Farmers' Livelihood Strategies under a Background of New Urbanization

Transferring of rural labor is closely related to sustainable development.From a perspective of decision-making for families,transferring of rural labor has changed a capacity to develop livelihood of farmers and influenced an acquisition and use with different types of livelihood capitals in order to help farmers accumulate and form a combination of livelihood capitals which is shown as diversified livelihoods.The behavior and experience with transferring of labor,which constitute a background and prerequisites for farmers to select new livelihood strategies,have been having complex and profound impact on livelihoods.With a background of capital change and factors constraints,farmers have decided different patterns of livelihood and formed different types of livelihood strategies.Based on these,this article analyzed a constitution of per capita net income for farmers among different cities in Gansu province firstly,and thus discussed different feasible options with livelihood strategies for rural residents.In the next place,this article,taking rural non-farm labor mobility and urban mobility as an object,described quantitatively an impact of transferring of rural labor,a rate of urbanization,an education level,per capita arable land area on wage income,operating income and operating income of wage for different types of livelihood strategies and drew appropriate conclusions finally.The results show that:livelihood strategies based on income wage are high relevant to transferring of rural labor and livelihood strategies based on business income are high relevant to transferring of cumulative labor to cities.In the meanwhile,transferring of rural labor is not conducive to improvement of mixed income while taking mixed livelihood strategies.