双重约束下野生动物资源的动态均衡管理研究

野生动物资源功能用途的复合性使得其受到生物系统及经济系统双重约束,在传统生物均衡模型基础上,分别构建经济系统和生物系统的联立方程组模型,然后根据目标函数形成野生动物资源动态均衡管理的理论模型及实证应用分析,得出结论：1）野生动物资源最优种群水平不仅受种群内禀增长率和栖息环境最大承载量的影响,也受到市场价格,维持及收获的成本及税费,产品利用率以及社会平均折现率的影响.但长期来看,环境承载量是影响种群水平的最终决定性因素.2）经济系统的各项变量并不影响野生动物最优种群水平的最终结果,而只影响其趋向最终结果的路径.3）最优猎捕收获量主要取决于最优种群水平以及环境承载量和种群内禀增长率.4）麝类资源的生物系统、经济系统的各个因素的影响方向和影响力大小,并不完全和一般假设相同.

Dynamic Equilibrium Management Model and Applied Study under the Restriction Condition on Wild Animals

Wild animal resources utilization is restricted by the economics system and biology system because they have the multi-function. So the paper created the theoretic model including the simultaneous equations of wild animal resources under economics system and biology system which be based of the common logistic differential equation and selected the musk deer resources to establish the applied model. The result is as follow： 1） The optimal population quantity of wild animal not only is affected by the natural increase rate of wild animals and the maximum carrying capacity in biology system, but also is affected by the price, harvest cost, the tax of wild animal resources utilization industries, the utilization rate of the whole harvest quantity and average social discount rate; 2） The maximum carrying capacity is the decisive factor which affects the optimal population quantity from the unlimited period. The all economic factors only affect the path which is from the current status to the optimal status on population quantity of wild animals; 3） The optimal harvest quantity is affected by the optimal population quantity, the maximum carrying capacity and the natural increase rate of wild animals; 4） The result about the applied model of musk deer resources shows that the factual variable＇s coefficient and change direction is not all as same as the theoretic assumptions because the protection and utilization policy of the musk deer is quickly adjusted by the government in past several decade years.