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Fixed points of smoothing transformation in random environment
Authors:Xiaoyue ZHANG  Wenming HONG
Institution:1. School of Statistics, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070, China2. School of Mathematical Sciences, Laboratory of Mathematics and Complex Systems, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Abstract:At each time nN,let??Y¯(n)(ξ)=(y1(n)(ξ),y2(n)(ξ),?) be a random sequence of non-negative numbers that are ultimately zero in a random environmentξ=ξnnN. The existence and uniqueness of the nonnegative fixed points of the associated smoothing transformation in random environment are considered. These fixed points are solutions to the distributional equation for a.e.ξ,Z(ξ)=di?+yi(0)(ξ)Zi(1)(ξ),where Zi(1):i?+ are random variables in random environment which satisfy that for any environmentξ; under Pξ; Zi(1):i?+are independent of each other and Y(0)(ξ), and have the same conditional distribution Pξ(Zi(1)(ξ)?)=PTξ(Z(Tξ)?) where T is the shift operator. This extends the classical results of J. D. Biggins J. Appl. Probab., 1977, 14: 25-37] to the random environment case. As an application, the martingale convergence of the branching random walk in random environment is given as well.
Keywords:Smoothing transformation  functional equation  branching random walk  random environment  martingales  
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