Labeling planar graphs with a condition at distance two

An L(2,1)-labeling of a graph is a mapping c:V(G)→{0,…,K} such that the labels assigned to neighboring vertices differ by at least 2 and the labels of vertices at distance two are different. The smallest K for which an L(2,1)-labeling of a graph G exists is denoted by λ_2,1(G). Griggs and Yeh J.R. Griggs, R.K. Yeh, Labeling graphs with a condition at distance 2, SIAM J. Discrete Math. 5 (1992) 586–595] conjectured that λ_2,1(G)≤Δ² for every graph G with maximum degree Δ≥2. We prove the conjecture for planar graphs with maximum degree Δ≠3. All our results also generalize to the list-coloring setting.