aInstitute for the Advancement of Science, Faculty of Physics, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
Abstract:
We review briefly previous works on quarks confinement and asymptotic freedom. Subsequently we introduce the magnetic monopole pair inverse coupling in analogy to the Cooper pairs electromagnetic inverse fine structure constant .
Finally, we show that confinement is absolute at certain energy scale limit where the Planck energy is Mp = (10)19 Gev and the expectation value of a number of generation equal to 16 + k plays a crucial role. It is important to note that is de facto replaced by and . The phenomena discussed here have a classical analogy in the engineering theory of plasticity called strain hardening or negative super spring.