Optimization of arches using genetic algorithm

An optimization procedure is presented for the minimum weight and strain energy optimization for arch structures subjected to constraints on stress, displacement and weight responses. Both thickness and shape variables defining the natural line of the arch are considered. The computer program which is developed in this study can be used to optimize thick, thin and variable thickness curved beams/arches. An automated optimization procedure is adopted which integrates finite element analysis, parametric cubic spline geometry definition, automatic mesh generation and genetic algorithm methods. Several examples are presented to illustrate optimal arch structures with smooth shapes and thickness variations. The changes in the relative contributions of the bending, membrane and shear strain energies are monitored during the whole process of optimization.