气候政策的经济环境效应分析与比较—基于碳税、许可交易和总量控制的动态微分博弈

基于产品差别化假设,建立双寡头动态微分博弈模型,比较碳税和许可交易以及总量控制3种气候政策的经济环境效应.研究发现,不同气候政策对两国的经济效应不同.进一步研究还发现,在企业产品差别化竞争时,从碳排放流量来看,碳税政策和许可交易政策与总量控制政策之间没有严格的优劣之分;碳排放存量对碳税政策最敏感.从碳存量对政策的边际影响来看,许可交易政策与总量控制政策是相同的,而碳税政策与之相反.当两国生产的产品完全同质时,从均衡碳排放流量和碳排放存量来看,许可交易政策最优,总量控制政策次之,碳税政策最差.若政府单纯以控制碳排放量为目的,许可交易政策是最佳选择.

An Analysis and Comparison on Economic and Environmental Effects of Climate Policies:A dynamic differential game model on the basis of carbon tax,tradable emission permits and command-and-control

On the basis of products differentiation,a duopoly dynamic differential game model is established to analyze the environmental impacts of unilateral policies of carbon tax,tradable carbon emission permits and command-and-control.It shows that different climate policies have different effects on the two countries.The further research also shows that under differentiated competition,none of the three climate policies is strictly superior to others from the view of the flow of carbon emission.However,the stock of carbon emission is sensitive to carbon tax policy.Regarding the marginal effect towards carbon emission stock,tradable carbon emission permits policy and command-and-control policy is the same but carbon tax policy goes to the opposite way.As for the completely homogeneous product and consider both the flow and stable stock of carbon emission,tradable carbon emission permits policy is the best,command-and-control policy is better and carbon tax policy is the worst.When governments only care about the control of carbon emissions,the policy of tradable carbon emission permits will be the best choice.