线弹性结构非平稳随机振动分析的有限元方法

当前结构分析的有效方法是有限单元法,对于结构动力学问题,将变位、应力等物理量通过Fou-rier变换进行谱分解,在谱分解的形式下推求动力刚度矩阵,这样所得的矩阵和有关方程不能用结构的随机振动问题常用的振型分解法求解.本文提出了一个普遍化的求解方法.文中考虑如地震、风震等外载是如下非平稳随机过程:P(t)={P_i(t)},P_i(t)=α_i(t)P_i0(t),α_i(t)是巳知的时间函数,P_i0(t)是平稳随机过程.本文将有限单元法所得的离散化方程进行Fourier变换,利用随机过程谱分解的正交增量性质推导了激励谱和反应谱之间关系的公式.用这些公式可以寻求反应的互功率谱密度矩阵,再根据反应的统计量进行结构的安全度分析.在本文提出的计算方法中,当α_i(t)=1(i=1.,2,…,n)时方法可以简化为求解平稳过程的特殊情况.在实际应用中可以根据地震、风震记录所得的功率谱密度矩阵,按本文方法用计算机对高层、高耸、大跨度等结构问题进行分析,为了说明计算方法的特点,文中首先考虑单自由度情况,其次考虑多自由度情况,列出几个重要统计量的计算公式,并对数值计算方法和安全度分析作了讨论.

Nonstationary Random Vibration Analysis of Linear Elastic Structures with Finite Element Method

At present, the finite element method is an efficient method for analyzing structural dynamic problems. When the physical quantities such as displacements and stresses are resolved in the spectra and the dynamic matrices are obtained in spectral resolving form, the relative equations cannot be solved by the vibration mode resolving method as usual. For solving such problems, a general method is put forward in this paper. The excitations considered with respect to nonstationary processes are as follows:P(t)={P_i(t)},P_i(t)=a_i(t)P_i0(t), a_i(t) is a time function already known. We make Fourier transformation for the discretized equations obtained by finite element method, and by utilizing the behaviour of orthogonal increment of spectral quantities in random process[1], some formulas of relations about the spectra of excitation and response are derived. The cross power spectral denisty matrices of responses can be found by these formulas, then the structrual safety analysis can be made. When a_i(t)=l (i=1,2,…n), the. method stated in this paper will be reduced to that which is used in the special case of stationary process.