突发事件下应急物资多目标优化调度模型与算法研究：以新冠肺炎疫情为例

突发事件下应急物资调度具有高度不确定性与动态性，应急物资跨区域调度计划能否科学合理制定对应急救援的有效开展具有重要影响。以武汉市新冠肺炎疫情为例，考虑应急物资跨区域调配的时效差异、地域分散以及资金消耗等要素，建立多周期下包含软硬需求时间窗约束的多物资品种、运输方式的跨区域三级动态物资调度网络模型，并设计一种带变异操作的动态变惯性权重自适应粒子群算法(VDCWPSO),利用疫情算例验证该算法的有效性和可行性。研究结果表明，在保障应急物资供应时效性、公平性、经济性原则下，物资跨区域调度可以缓解资源严重短缺状况、提高医用物资利用率，研究可为突发事件下应急物资调度计划的制定与动态调整提供决策支持。

Research on the Multi-objective Optimization Dispatching Model and Algorithm of Emergency Supplies under Emergency Events: A Case of COVID-19

The scheduling of emergency materials is highly uncertain and dynamic under emergency events. Whether the trans-regional scheduling plan of emergency materials can be formulated scientifically and reasonably has an important impact on the effective implementation of emergency rescue. Taking the COVID-19 case in Wuhan as an example, considering the factors such as time difference, regional dispersion and capital consumption of trans-regional dispatching of emergency materials, in this paper, a three-level trans-regional dynamic material scheduling network model with different material varieties and different transportation modes under multiple periods and the time window constraints with soft and hard requirements is established and an adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm with the mutation operation and dynamic variable inertia weight is designed. The effectiveness and feasibility of the algorithm are verified by the real epidemic data. The result of research shows that under the principle of ensuring the timeliness, fairness and economy of emergency supplies, the trans-regional dispatching of materials can alleviate the serious shortage of medical materials in Wuhan, improve the utilization rate of medical materials resources, and it also provides decision support for the formulation and dynamic adjustment of emergency material scheduling plan under emergency events.