基于折合劳动成本视角的工作时间优化及影响因素研究

基于劳动力天然再生成与有限存储的假设,采用经济优化方法,将工作过程中的疲劳积累与以劳动力储蓄池的再生产为目的的休息活动对生产所造成的负面影响折合为劳动成本,分别构建等分模型和拓展模型研究确定时域和不确定时域两种情形下的最佳工作时间,并基于上述模型对工作时间的影响因素进行灵敏度分析。结果表明:劳动强度系数和疲劳成本系数与最佳工作时间负相关,敏感性相等且为最高;休息成本系数与最佳工作时间正相关,敏感性次之;必要休息时间对工作周期决策的影响则取决于各项成本系数的构成比例,且敏感性为最弱。本研究丰富了劳动科学理论体系,成果可指导工作制度的改进,对于缓解当前产业工人中普遍存在的过劳问题具有重要意义。

Study on Working Time Optimization and Influencing Factors Based on Equivalent Labor Cost Perspective

Based on the private natural labor rate reproduction and finite labor inventory of workers, this paper deals with the working time problem using economic optimization methods. The negative influence on productivity, which is caused by the inevitable accumulation of fatigue, and the essential breaks for the reproduction of worker's private labor stock, is converted into equivalent labor cost. An equalization optimization model is provided to deal with the problem with a certain time domain. And for the number of periods tends to be infinite under the uncertain time domain scenario that causes a failure of the former model, an extended model is provided to study the optimal working time to achieve the goal of minimizing a convergence limit of the labor cost. Numerical examples based on the above models are given to analyze the impact of parameters on the perform sensitivity of the models. The results show that the labor intensity coefficient and fatigue cost are negative to the optimal working time, and the sensitivities of these two coefficients are equally the highest; the rest cost is positively related to the optimal working time; the impact of the necessary rest time on the work cycle decision depends on the proportion of each cost coefficient, and the sensitivity is the weakest. This study enriches the domain of labor research, and the results can be used to guide the improvement of the practical working system, which are of great significance to addressing the problems of widespread overwork in industrial workers.