可再生能源配额制与碳排放权交易并行实施的政策效果

中国将同时实施可再生能源配额制与碳排放权交易,并以售电商为配额制的考核主体。本文建立两级供应链模型分析两者相互作用的政策效果。研究结果表明,引入碳排放权交易将导致火电价格上涨与可再生能源电力价格下降,有利于实现两者在同一价格水平竞争。然而,碳排放权交易亦将造成零售电价上涨,电力需求减少,且变化幅度与碳排放权价格和减排成本成正比。若配额比例与售电商差异性提高,在不影响环境成本内化于火电批发价格的同时,可降低售电商的转嫁成本。从而减小了可再生能源电力价格降幅与零售电价涨幅,并平抑碳排放权价格与减排成本上涨造成的电价与需求波动。

Policy Effects Concerning the Coexistence of Renewable Portfolio Standards and Emissions Trading

The Chinese government will implement renewable portfolio standards (RPS) and emissions trading (ET) in the power industry. The retailer will be required to comply with the quota obligation. This paper constructs the two-echelon supply chain to study interactions between RPS and ET and their policy effects. The results indicate the following conclusions. When RPS has operated, introducing ET causes in an increase in the wholesale price of thermal power and the retail electricity price, whereas the wholesale price of electricity from the renewable energy source (RES-E) decreases. Thus, the introduction of ET is beneficial for realizing a level competition field between two types of power. However, ET also gives rise to an increase in the retail price, which dampens the consumer’s demand for power, which can be strengthened by the rising carbon permit price and carbon abatement cost. On the other side, when the quota obligation and the difference between retailers increase, the cost that the retailer passes on the retailer will decrease. As a result, the decreasing range of renewable power prices and growing retail prices drop, but the internalization of the environment is not affected. Besides, a higher quota obligation and a larger difference between retailers also attenuate the fluctuation of the power price and the demand for the power caused by the rise of carbon permit price and the cost of carbon abatement.