低碳环境下供应链差异化定价与协调机制研究

以低碳和普通产品两个制造商和一个零售商组成的两级供应链系统为研究对象,探讨了供应链的差异化定价与协调机制问题。求解得到了两制造商和零售商的最优定价策略及可行的低碳产品生产成本范围。研究发现:1)分散决策的差异化定价策略无法达到供应链协调;2)在可行的低碳产品生产成本范围内,低碳产品制造商、零售商和整个供应链系统的利润都随低碳产品生产成本的增加而减少,只有普通产品制造商的利润随低碳产品生产成本的增加而增加。因此,降低低碳产品生产成本是促进低碳产品推广的关键。针对分散决策造成供应链效率损失的情况,采用Shapley值法进行协调,并给出了契约协调机制。最后,通过算例分析了消费者价格敏感性变化和低碳产品生产成本上升对最优决策和供应链利润的影响。

Study on Coordination Mechanisms and Differential Pricing of Supply Chain in Low Carbon Environment

Differential pricing and supply chain coordination problems of supply chain system composed of two manufacturers and one retailer are studied. Through solving the models, the optimal strategies of supply chain members and the feasible range of costs of low-carbon products are obtained. The results show that 1)in decentralized decision-making, the differential pricing strategy cannot achieve supply chain coordination, and 2)with the increase of costs of low carbon products, the profits of the low carbon manufacturer, the retailer and supply chain system decreases while the ordinary products manufacturer’s profits increase. Therefore, reducing costs of low-carbon products is the key to promoting low-carbon products. To cope with the problem of the efficiency loss of the supply chain by decentralized decision-making, the shapley value method is used and the contract coordination mechanism is proposed. Finally, the impact on optimal decisions and supply chain profits of the consumer price sensitivity and the costs of low-carbon products is analyzed by an example.