基于期权契约的应急药品储备模型研究

突发灾害发生后,应急药品需求数量呈现爆发式增长,充足的应急药品对减少和控制人员伤亡、保障救灾效果及减少经济损失具有重要作用。由于应急药品的需求特性和自然属性,我国现行的应急药品储备模式很容易造成应急药品短缺或过期,也无法保证政府与医药企业长久的合作关系,因此如何科学合理地储备应急药品成为政府亟待解决的关键难题。为此,本文引入期权契约到政府与医药企业组成的两级供应链系统,构建了期权契约机制下应急药品储备模型,得出政企最优决策策略及双方成本收益,给出了实现供应链协调与政企双赢的条件。研究表明,应急药品储备模型提高了应急药品储备水平,降低了政府库存风险,有利于保障供应商合理收益及控制政府成本,为政企建立长久的合作关系提供了依据,为应急药品储备提供了可行的操作策略。

A Relief Drug Pre-positioning Model via an Option Contract

The demand of relief drug after a sudden disaster is growing at an explosive rate. Adequate emergency drugs play important roles in mitigating and controlling casualties, guaranteeing relief effect and reducing economic loss. Owing to natural and consumable characteristics of relief drug, our today's nationalpre-positioning model of relief drug is more likely to result in short supply of relief drugs or expired products. It is also hard to guarantee a long-term cooperation relationship between governments and pharmaceutical enterprises. So how to scientifically and reasonably pre-position relief drug is becoming a key problem for governments. This paper introduces an option contract into relief drug management system by considering this system as a relief supply chain. A relief drug pre-positioning(RDP)model is established. The optimal decisions of the government and the enterprise are derived. The conditions that the relief supply chain coordination is achieved and the government and the enterprise will be better off are uncovered. The research shows that the RDP model can improve the total reservation quantity of relief drug, reduce the government's inventory risk, guarantee the enterprise's reasonable profit and control the government's cost. The research findings provide insights into establishing a long-term relationship between two sides and offer important managerial strategies for the government's pre-positioning relief drug.