基于降低失效停放区比率的共享单车系统稳定性研究

共享单车失效停放区使得用户无法取车或还车,影响共享单车系统运营稳定性。本文基于排队论与马尔科夫链构建了共享单车系统稳定状态平均场方程组并求解稳态解,发现停放区交互作用使得失效停放区对相邻停放区产生需求溢出效应,增加系统失效停放区比率,影响系统运营稳定性。本文以降低系统失效停放区比率目标,引入(M,S)交互策略,调节失效停放区对相邻停放区的交互作用程度。进一步,以算例分析比较相同类型与不同类型停放区交互作用、(M,S)交互策略下共享单车系统的失效停放区比率。结果表明(M,S)交互策略能够有效降低失效停放区比率,提高系统运营稳定性。本研究为共享单车企业运营稳定性决策提供了有价值的参考。

Study on Stability of Bicycle Sharing System Based on Reducing the Ratio of Invalid Bicycle Parking Areas

The operating stability of Bicycle Sharing System(BSS)could be affected by the existing invalid bicycle parking areas which make users unable to pick up or return bicycles. This work establishes the mean field equations for steady state of BBS based on the Queuing theory and Markov chain to solve the stable state, and finds that the interaction between parking areas makes the invalid parking area produce demand overflow effect on adjacent parking area. In this situation, the ratio of invalid parking areas would be increased and the operating stability of BBS could also be affected. This paper introduces the(M,S)interaction strategy to adjust the interaction between invalid parking areas and adjacent parking areas, with the aim of reducing the invalid parking area ration of BSS. Furthermore, the interactions between parking areas with the same and different types and the invalid parking area ration of BSS under(M,S)interaction strategy are compared based on the analysis of numerical examples. The results show that the(M,S)interaction strategy can effectively reduce the ratio of invalid parking area and in turn enhance the operating stability of BSS. In general, this the research could provide valuable references for the operating stability decisions of bicycle sharing enterprise.