基于微分博弈的数据开放策略及合作收益分配机制研究

数据作为数字经济时代一种重要的生产要素,在国民经济运行中的作用越来越重要。然而,现阶段我国社会数据开放仍处于起步阶段,急需加快推进数据开放共享。为准确分析数据开放主体政府和企业的数据开放策略,运用微分博弈分别构建Nash非合作博弈、Stackelberg主从博弈和协同合作博弈模型,得到三种情形下政府和企业最优开放数据努力程度、社会数据开放水平最优轨迹以及最优收益函数;其次,在协同合作博弈情景下,将时间因素引入Nash谈判模型,进一步分析政府和企业合作时具有时间一致性的动态收益分配机制;最后,结合数值仿真对影响社会数据开放水平的相关参数进行灵敏性分析。研究结果发现,当政府获得收益分配比例大于1/3时,Stackelberg主从博弈下的政府和企业双方收益以及社会数据开放水平均高于Nash非合作情形;协同合作情形下,双方总收益和社会数据开放水平均能达到帕累托最优状态。

Research on Data Opening Strategy and Cooperative Income Distribution Mechanism Based on Differential Game

As an important factor of production in the era of digital economy, data plays an increasingly important role in the operation of national economy. However, at this stage, China's social data is still in its infancy, so it is urgent to accelerate the data opening and sharing. In order to accurately analyze the data opening strategies of the government and the enterprises, the Nash non cooperative game, Stackelberg master-slave game and cooperative game models are constructed respectively by using differential game, and the optimal effort level, the optimal trajectory of social data opening level and the optimal return function of the government and the enterprises in three situations are obtained. Secondly, in the cooperative game situation, the time factor is introduced into Nash negotiation model to further analyze the dynamic income distribution mechanism with time consistency when the government and the enterprise cooperate. Finally,combining numerical simulation we analyze the sensitivity of related parameters. The research finds that when the proportion of government income distribution is more than 1/3, the revenue and social data opening level of Stackelberg master-slave game are higher than that of Nash non-cooperation; under the condition of cooperation, the total revenue and social data opening level of both sides can reach Pareto optimal state.