供应链组织的复杂适应特征及其推论

供应链网络是一个复杂适应系统，具有涌现、自组织、动态、非线性和演化等特征。在供应链网络中，任何一个环节上的细微变化都可能在另外的环节上产生重大的震颤。复杂系统理论的出现和发展不但大大扩展了传统系统理论范围，而且也有助于我们用新的观点观察供应链网络中发生的各种变化，如企业之间相互关系的变化、市场的变化、以及环境的变化等。这些复杂的变化，以及企业为了响应这些变化的表现出适应能力导致了供应链网络中的自组织和涌现的发生。供应链网络中的秩序和控制是自组织和涌现的宏观表现，是不同企业根据各自的局部信息和行为规则而采取行动的结果。

Complex Adaptive Features of Supply Chain Organization an d Some Inference

Supply network(SN) is a complex adaptive system(CAS), characterized by emergence, self-organization, dynamism, non-linearity, and evolution. In SNs, a slight change anywhere in SN may lead to wild oscillation in SN. The developments of theory of complex system are not only extending the range of the traditional system theory, but also helping people to observe the changes in SN in new views. These complex changes and the fitness abilities that firms have showed to react to these changes lead to the emergence and self-organization in SN. The orders and controls are macro-features of the emergence and self-organization and are the results of behaviors depending on the local information and the rules of the behaviors.