Istituto di Matematica, Facoltá Ingegneria, Università di Ancona, Italy;Istituto di Matematica Applicata, Facoltà Ingegneria, Università di Roma, Italy
Abstract:
A careful discussion of the concept of conditional event leads to a sensible use of frequency data as conditional probabilities: as a by-product, the well-known ‘paradoxes’ arising from the so-called confounding effect are avoided.