基于绿色食品生产的氮肥减量施用技术对马铃薯产量和品质的影响

为满足绿色食品生产需求, 以荷兰7号马铃薯为供试作物, 设置常规施肥(NR)、常规减量施肥(HNR)、常规减量施肥+炭(HNRC)、恩泰克推荐施肥(EN)、恩泰克减量施肥(HEN)、恩泰克减量施肥+炭(HENC)6个处理, 研究化肥减量施用对马铃薯产量和品质的影响. 结果表明EN处理马铃薯总产量、一级薯和二级薯产量均最高; 不同处理间马铃薯硝酸盐、干物质重、淀粉、维生素C、粗蛋白和可溶性总糖含量差异均不显著, 但在施用同一类型肥料的处理中, 表现出随着化学氮素减量硝酸盐含量降低, 粗蛋白含量减少, 可溶性总糖含量增加的趋势. 综合考虑标准要求和马铃薯产量与品质等因素, 确定HENC处理为绿色食品马铃薯生产的最佳施肥模式.

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on yield and quality of potato based on green food standard

In order to meet the demand of green food production, the Netherlands potato No.7 was used to detect the effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on yield and quality of potato. Six treatments including NR, HNR, HNRC, EN, HEN, HENC were introduced in the current study. NR group used the chemical fertilizer, N-P2O5-K2O of 17-17-17 that the farmer was previously used. EN group used Entec fertilizer produced by Eurochem. In H group, the N concentration was reduced to 50% of the NR group. C group used the same treatment as NR group, except for the additional biochar. The results showed that EN group produced the highest total yield of potato, yield of first and second class potato. There were no significant differences of nitrate, dry matter, starch, Vitamin C, crude protein and soluble total sugar among all tested groups. The reduced amount of chemical fertilizer was found to be associated with decreased content of nitrate, crude protein and increased concentration of soluble total sugar. Taking the requirements of Green Food standard and yield and quality of potato into account, HENC is suggested to be the best fertilization mode for Green Food potato production.