Nanoparticle-based electrochemical DNA detection

Nanoscale architectures of DNA-linked particle networks are attractive for electrical detection of DNA hybridization. This article reviews a variety of new nanoparticle/polynucleotide assemblies for advanced electrical detection of DNA sequences. Recent activity has led to innovative and powerful nanoparticle-based electrochemical DNA hybridization assays based on a variety of detection schemes. Such protocols rely on the use of colloidal gold tags, semiconductor quantum dot tracers, polymeric carrier (amplification) beads, or magnetic (separation) beads. Particularly useful have been protocols based on capturing of metal nanoparticle tracers followed by dissolution and anodic-stripping voltammetric measurement of the metal tag. Remarkable sensitivity is achieved by coupling particle-based amplification units and various amplification processes. The use of nanoparticle tracers for designing multi-target electrochemical coding protocols will also be documented.