范德瓦耳斯和他的状态方程

在物理学发展史上，范德瓦耳斯对气—液流体系统做了开创性的研究工作，建立了人类历史上第一个既能反映气、液各相性质，又能描述相交和临界现象的状态方程。范德瓦耳斯的理论成就和研究方法对热力学、统计力学和低温物理学的发展产生了重要而深远的影响。文章系统探讨了范德瓦耳斯方程产生的历史背景、科学意义和局限性，讨论了范德瓦耳斯的理论和方法对当代物理学的启发意义。

Van der Waals and his equation of state

In the history of physics, J D van der Waals pioneered studies on the fundamental properties of the gas-liquid system, establishing the first equation of state which describes not only gases and liquids but also phase transition and critical phenomena. His theoretical achievements and scientific method had profound influence on the development of thermodynamics, statistical mechanics and low temperature physics. We present an overview of the van der Waals equation, including its historical background and scientific significance and deficiency, and discuss its influence on modern physics.