Mass and isotopic concentrations of water-insoluble refractory carbon in total suspended particulates at Mt. Waliguan Observatory (China) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochronology and Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Environment Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China;4. Center of Meteorological Sounding, Chinese Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China;5. State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology and Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;1. Shanghai Meteorological Service, 166 Puxi Road, Shanghai 200030, China;2. Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 216 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China;3. Computer Science Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;4. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health (Shanghai Meteorology Service), 951 Jinxiu Road, Shanghai 200135, China;5. Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China;1. Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, C/ Calvo Sotelo, s/n, E-33007 Oviedo, Spain;2. Institute of Technology for Nanostructures (NST) and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Bismarckstr. 81, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany;1. Physical Geography, Institute of Geography, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany;2. Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;3. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;4. Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany;5. Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski and GEOTOP, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski G5L 3A1, Canada;6. Paleomagnetic & Environmental Magnetic Research Laboratory, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 104 CEOAS Admin Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;1. Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes (TEL), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;2. CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;3. Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Loebdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany;4. School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, 3-20-1 Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424-0902, Japan;5. Center for Chronological Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan;1. Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Processes of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Normal University, 810000 Xining, PR China;2. School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China;3. Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 810008 Xining, PR China;1. Experiment and Practice Teaching Center, HeBei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 05003, China;2. Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China;3. Geologic Environment Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, 34132, South Korea;4. Department of Petroleum Resource Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | 
Mass concentration and isotopic values δ13C and 14C are presented for the water-insoluble refractory carbon (WIRC) component of total suspended particulates (TSP), collected weekly during 2003, as well as from October 2005 to May 2006 at the WMO-GAW Mt. Waliguan (WLG) site. The overall average WIRC mass concentration was (1183 ± 120) ng/m3 (n = 79), while seasonal averages were 2081 ± 1707 (spring), 454 ± 205 (summer), 650 ± 411 (autumn), and 1019 ± 703 (winter) ng/m3. Seasonal variations in WIRC mass concentrations were consistent with black carbon measurements from an aethalometer, although WIRC concentrations were typically higher, especially in winter and spring. The δ13C PDB value (−25.3 ± 0.8)‰ determined for WIRC suggests that its sources are C3 biomass or fossil fuel combustion. No seasonal change in δ13C PDB was evident. The average percent Modern Carbon (pMC) for 14C in WIRC for winter and spring was (67.2 ± 7.7)% (n = 29). Lower pMC values were associated with air masses transported from the area east of WLG, while higher pMC values were associated with air masses from the Tibetan Plateau, southwest of WLG. Elevated pMC values with abnormally high mass concentrations of TSP and WIRC were measured during a dust storm event. |
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| Keywords: | Water-insoluble refractory carbon (WIRC) Mass concentration Mt. Waliguan (WLG) |
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