Influences of ions and temperature on performance of carbon nano-particulates in supercapacitors with neutral aqueous electrolytes |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Budh Nagar 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India;2. Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700098, India;3. Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), University of Ulster at Jordanstown, Shore Road, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, United Kingdom;4. Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Budh Nagar 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India;1. Department of Physics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India;2. Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 711873, South Korea;3. Department of Physics, Rajaram College, Kolhapur 416004, India;1. School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology and NANOTEC-SUT Center of Excellence on Advanced Functional Nanomaterials, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;2. Department of Physics and NANOTEC Center of Excellence, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;1. Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India;2. Centre for Materials for Electronics and Technology (C-MET), Panchavati, Pune 411008, India;1. Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;2. Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ont, Canada;3. Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont, Canada;4. Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man, Canada;5. Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man, Canada |
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| Abstract: | A commercial product of carbon nano-particles, Cabot MONACH 1300 pigment black (CMPB), was studied for basic structural information and electrochemical performance in neutral aqueous electrolytes, aiming at applications in supercapacitors. As confirmed by SEM and HRTEM, the CMPB had a hierarchical structure, containing basic 10 nm nano-spheres which combined into ca. 50 nm agglomerates which further aggregated into larger particles of micrometres. The capacitance of this commercial material was found to increase with decreasing the size of hydrous cation (Li+ → Na+ → K+), instead of the cation crystal radius (K+ → Na+ → Li+) when coupled with the same anion (Cl?). In electrolytes with the same cation concentration (K+), changing the anion from the larger dianion (SO42?) to the smaller monoanion (Cl?) also increased the capacitance at high potential scan rates (>50 mV/s). Increasing electrolyte concentration produced expected effect, including raising the electrode capacitance, but lowering the equivalent series resistance (ESR), charge transfer resistance (CTR), and the diffusion resistance. At higher temperatures, the CMPB exhibited slightly higher capacitance, which does not agree with the Gouy–Chapman theory on electric double layer (EDL). A hypothesis is proposed to account for the capacitance increase with temperature as a result of the CMPB opening up some micro-pores for more ions to access in response to the temperature increase. |
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| Keywords: | Carbon nano-particles Supercapacitor Neutral aqueous electrolytes Ionic properties Electrochemistry |
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