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Characterization of optical waveguide in Nd: GdVO4 by triple-energy oxygen ion implantation |
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| Authors: | Chuan-Lei Jia Xue-Lin Wang Hong-Ji Ma |
| Affiliation: | a College of Physics Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Dongying 257061, Shandong, People's Republic of China b School of Physics and Microelectronics, Shandong University, Ji’nan 250100, Shandong, People's Republic of China c The Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Physics (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China |
| Abstract: | We report on the optical planar waveguide formation and modal characterization in Nd: GdVO4 crystals by triple oxygen ion implantation at energies of (2.4, 3.0, and 3.6 MeV) and fluences of (1.4, 1.4, and 3.1) × 1014ions/cm2. The prism-coupling method is used to investigate the dark-mode property at wavelength of 632.8 nm. The refractive index profiles of the waveguide are reconstructed by an effective refractive index, neff method. The modal analysis shows that the fields of TE modes are well restricted in the guiding region, which means the formation of nonleaky waveguide in the crystal. |
| Keywords: | 42.79.Gn 78.20.Ci 61.80.Jh |
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