聚芳醚酮树脂的分子设计与合成及性能

聚芳醚酮树脂是20世纪发展起来的重要特种工程塑料.因其优良的耐热、耐腐蚀、耐摩擦及生物相容性好等特点,在国防军工、武器装备、航空航天、电子、汽车、机械、石油工业、核能及理疗卫生等高技术领有广泛的应用.此类材料大都采用双酚单体和双氟单体通过A2+B2型亲核缩聚反应制备.这类聚合物的分子结构对材料的性能影响较大,一般情况下分子链由醚、酮、苯三元规整结构构成时,聚合物为半结晶态;然而,当分子结构中存在侧基或其他非规整结构往往破坏聚合物的结晶结构,聚合物呈现无定型态.半结晶聚芳醚酮聚合物具有非常优异的耐热、耐化学稳定性一般作为结构型材料使用;无定型聚芳醚酮具有良好的加工性能,并且可进行一些功能化成为一类优异的功能型材料.本文从结构与性能关系出发,介绍了聚芳醚酮树脂种类,聚芳醚酮树脂的发展历程及合成方法;探讨了聚芳醚酮材料结构与性能关系;总结了功能性聚芳醚酮材料的前沿进展;最后结合实际展望了聚芳醚酮的应用发展方向.

SYNTHESIS,MOLECULAR DESIGN AND PROPERTIES OF POLY (ARYLENE ETHER KETONE) RESINS

In last century,poly(aryl ether ketone) resins were developed as super engineering plastics applied to a wide range of fields,such as high-tech defense industry,weapons and equipment,aerospace,electronics,automobiles,machinery,oil industry,nuclear energy and physical therapy and health application.In general,these polymers were prepared by A2 + B2-type nucleophilic polycondensation reaction procedure from bisphenol monomer and difluoride monomer.Molecular structure of poly(aryl ether ketone) more effect on the polymer performance.Two kinds of poly(aryl ether ketone)s which are semi-crystalline polymer and amorphous polymer are formed by changing molecular structure.Semi-crystalline poly(aryl ether ketone)s are constructed by regular three unit structure of ethers,ketones and benzene.Amorphous poly(aryl ether ketone)s contain pendant groups or non-regular structure,which destroy the crystalline structure of the polymer.Semi-crystalline poly(aryl ether ketone)s having excellent heat resistance,chemical stability are generally used as structured materials,however amorphous poly(aryl ether ketone)s have good processing properties and become a class of excellent functional material by introducing special functional groups.Base on the relationship between the structure and properties of poly(aryl ether ketone),this article introduced several types of poly(aryl ether ketone)s(PAEKs) currently developed,including their development and synthetic routes,investigated the relationship between structure and performance,made an overview of recent advances in functional PAEKs,and finally outlook the trends in applications of PAEKs.