超导量子比特实验的开端

我们对超导量子比特领域的科学背景、历史起源和早期发展做简要评述.莱格特(Anthony J. Leggett)为这个领域打下了理论基础.克拉克(John Clarke)和他的两个学生马丁尼(John Martinis)和德沃雷(Michel H. Devoret)最早通过偏电流约瑟夫森结,首次观察到约瑟夫森结的量子行为.后来德沃雷实现了电荷量子比特叠加态、电荷-磁通混合量子比特的拉比共振和其他演化及投影测量.中村泰信(Yasunobu Nakamura)首先实现电荷量子比特的量子叠加和拉比振荡,还参与莫伊(J. E. Mooij)组实现了磁通量子比特的拉比振荡和读出.

The Beginning of the Area of the Superconducting Qubits

We make a brief review of the scientific background, historic origin and early development of the area of superconducting qubits. Anthony Leggett lay the theoretical foundation. John Clarke and two students, John Martinisand Michel H. Devoret, for the first time, observed the quantum behavior of a Josephson junctions, by using the biased currect Josephson junction. Later, Devoret realized quantum superposition of the charge qubits, as well as the Rabi oscillation, other evolution and projection measurement of the charge-flux qubits. Yasunobu Nakamura, for the first time, realized the quantum superposition and Rabi oscillation of charge qubits and participated the realization of the Rabi oscillation and readout of flux qubits by the group led by Mooij.