强场下真空中粒子对产生的研究进展

随着激光技术的飞快发展，激光强度不断提高，超强外场下真空中正负电子对产生的过程，即能量向质量转化过程，已经成为一个研究热点。主要综述了近几年量子Vlasov方程方法和计算量子场论(数值求解Dirac方程)方法在研究强场下真空中正负电子对产生方面的进展，分别介绍了空间均匀场和空间不均匀场下的粒子对产生的情况。第一种情况主要介绍双脉冲结构振荡电场中电子-正电子对的产生、强双频振荡电场中非微扰电子-正电子对的产生、频率调制的激光场中电子-正电子对的产生和Dirac真空对啁啾外场的快速分辨。第二种情况主要介绍优化空间局域电场提高粒子对的产生率、多个势阱-垒结构的振荡场对粒子对产生的增强、振荡 Sauter 电势中正负电子对产生的问题、操纵Dirac真空以控制其在场诱导下的衰变、作为信息传输介质的Dirac真空还有正负电子对产生中的相干和非相干啁啾机制的转变。

Progress of pair production from vacuum in strong laser fields

With the rapid development of laser technology and the continuous improvement of laser intensity, the process of electron-positron pair creation in vacuum under super strong external field, namely the process of energy conversion to mass, has become a research hot spot. In this paper, we mainly review the progress of quantum Vlasov equation and computational quantum field theory (numerical solution of Dirac equation) in the study of the electron-positron pair production in vacuum under intense laser field in recent years, and introduce two situations of particle pair generation spatially homogeneous field and spatially inhomogeneous field, separally. In the first case, there are electron-positron pair production in oscillating electric fields with double-pulse structure, electron-positron pair generation in the strong dual frequency oscillating electric field, electron-positron pair production in frequency modulated laser fields, and resolving rapidly chirped external fields with Dirac vacuum are introduced. The second case mainly introduces the optimization of spatially localized electric fields for electron-positron pair creation, enhanced pair creation by an oscillating potential with multiple well-barrier structures in space, electron-positron pair production in an oscillating Sauter potential, manipulation of the vacuum to control its field-induced decay and Dirac vacuum as a transport medium for information and transition between coherent and incoherent chirping mechanisms in electron-positron pair production.