中红外及近红外光谱在小杂粮品质检测中的应用进展

中红外光谱以及近红外光谱在现代分析化学中有重要的地位，是人类认识物质结构、功能、成分以及含量的重要途径。小杂粮泛指生育期短、种植面积少、种植地区和种植方法特殊，有特种用途的多种粮豆，其特点是小、少、特、杂。小杂粮营养丰富，既是传统口粮，又是保健食品资源。随着人民生活水平的提高和膳食结构的改善，小杂粮作为药食同源的新型食品资源，在现代绿色保健食品中占有重要地位。对小杂粮进行品质检测可为小杂粮生物活性物质研究、品质分级、小杂粮育种、产地溯源与真伪鉴别等方面提供可靠的数据支撑。按照麦类小杂粮及豆类小杂粮分类，对国内近30年来小杂粮品质检测有关文献加以综述。研究表明，麦类小杂粮品质检测文献更多，约占文献数量的2/3左右，且以近红外光谱技术应用居多；豆类小杂粮品质检测文献相对较少，约占文献数量的1/3左右，且以中红外光谱技术应用居多。中红外光谱、近红外光谱在小杂粮品质检测分析方面有诸多重要应用。其中，中红外光谱更多应用于小杂粮中活性物质以及小杂粮加工过程的表征，而近红外光谱则更多应用于小杂粮中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水分等主要品质指标的定量分析检测，可为小杂粮品质监测、科学育种提供高效的数据来源。近年来，随着化学计量学的发展和计算机技术的进步，近红外光谱不再局限于小杂粮品质指标定量分析，而且还被应用于小杂粮产地溯源等领域，亦取得了良好的效果。最后对中红外光谱、近红外光谱在小杂粮品质无损分析检测方面做出了展望。

Progress of the Application of MIR and NIR Spectroscopies in Quality Testing of Minor Coarse Cereals

Mid-infrared spectroscopy and near-infrared spectroscopy are important analysis methods in modern analytical chemistry, which are the important technical means for human beings to recognize the structure, function, components and content of substances. Minor coarse cereals generally refer to a variety of grains and beans with a short growth period, small planting areas, special planting areas and methods, and special purposes, which are characterized by small, small, special and miscellaneous. Being rich in nutrition, minor coarse cereals are not only traditional rations but also healthy food resources. With the improvement of people’s living standards and dietary structure, minor coarse cereals, as a new food resource with the same origin as medicine and food, play an important role in modern green health food. The quality detection of minor coarse cereals will provide reliable data support for the research of bioactive substances, quality classification, minor coarse cereals breeding, origin traceability and authenticity identification of small cereals. The literature on quality testing of minor coarse cereals in China in recent 30 years were summarized according to the classification of wheat minor coarse cereals and legume minor coarse cereals. It was demonstrated by the research result that there are more literature on the quality testing of wheat minor coarse cereals, accounting for about 2/3 of the literature, and the application of near-infrared spectroscopy is the majority; there are relatively little literature on the quality testing of legume minor coarse cereals, accounting for about 1/3 of the literature, and the application of mid-infrared spectroscopy is the majority. Many important applications in the quality testing and analysis of minor coarse cereals were carried out by mid-infrared and near-infrared spectroscopy. Among them, mid-infrared spectroscopy is more applied to characterize the active substances in minor coarse cereals and the processing of minor coarse cereals. However, near-infrared spectroscopy is more applied to the quantitative analysis and testing of main qualities such as crude protein, crude fat and moisture in minor coarse cereals, which can provide an efficient data source for minor coarse cereals quality monitoring and scientific breeding. In recent years, with the development of chemometrics and the progress of computer technology, near-infrared spectroscopy is no longer limited to the quantitative analysis of qualities of minor coarse cereals but is also applied to the traceability of it, which has achieved good results. Finally, the application of mid-infrared and near-infrared spectroscopy in non-destructive analysis and testing of small grain quality has prospected.