新金刚石电子结构的第一性原理研究

金刚石、 石墨和卡宾碳是三种常见的碳同素异构体, 其外层轨道价电子分别是以sp³-, sp²-和sp¹-形式杂化而成的^［1］. 1991年, Hirai等^［2］在研究金刚石的形成机理时, 发现了一种新的碳同素异构体, 并将其命名为新金刚石(new diamond) ^{［3, 4］}. 在许多实验过程中虽然也曾获得过新金刚石^［5~11］, 但是这些实验获得的新金刚石的样品产量都较少, 且新金刚石的颗粒尺寸都很小(小于100 nm), 因此只能采用电子衍射(ED)的方法研究其结构. Jarkov等^［9］在分析多晶体ED图谱的基础上, 认为新金刚石是面心立方结构(FCC), 其晶格常数为0.357 nm. 2001年, Konyashin等^［1］通过ED图谱、电子能量损失谱和半经验的能量计算认定新金刚石为FCC的纯碳, 其晶格常数为0.356 3 nm. 我们曾用强磁场碳黑催化法制备出大量的新金刚石^{［3,4,12~14］}, 并对新金刚石的热稳定性进行了研究^［12］, 而对其结构和性能的研究尚未见报道.

Studies on ab initio Principle of Electronic Structure of New-diamond

AbstractAfter the pyrogenation of carbon black and nanometer-sized iron catalyst at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 1 100 ℃, new-diamond nanometer-particles were synthesized. The new-diamond was analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD). The lattice constant of the new-diamond is determined as 0.359 4 nm. Based on the ab initio principle of density functional theory, the electronic structure of the new-diamond was investigated. The results indicate that the new-diamond is a metallic form of carbon.