Niobium-93 MQMAS NMR spectroscopic study of alkali and lead niobates.

93Nb (I = 9/2) multiple-quantum magic-angle spinning (MQMAS) NMR spectra of a series of inorganic niobates have been measured. 93Nb MQMAS spectroscopy yields spectra with typically an order of magnitude higher resolution than that obtainable with 93Nb MAS spectroscopy and 93Nb dynamic-angle spinning (DAS) spectroscopy. For example, the full-width at half-maximums of the 93Nb resonances of LiNbO3 were 9 (MAS), 5.8 (DAS), and 0.7 kHz (MQMAS). Broadening of the 93Nb MAS and DAS spectra is due to the second-order quadrupolar and homonuclear dipolar interactions, respectively. The quadrupolar products (P(O)) and isotropic chemical shifts (delta(iso)) of the 93Nb resonances of LiNbO3, NaNbO3, PbNb2O6, Pb2Nb2O7, Pb3Nb2O8, Pb3Nb4O15, Pb3Nb4O13, and Pb1.83Nb1.71Mg0.29O6.39 were determined from MQMAS spectra and range from 13.6 to 26.8 MHz and from -951 to -1113 ppm, respectively. Resonances with relatively large quadrupolar coupling constants (> 30 MHz) were not observed using MQMAS spectroscopy, but were detected using nutation spectroscopy. The applicability and limitations of MQMAS spectroscopy in studying inorganic niobates containing multiple 93Nb resonances are addressed and compared with those of MAS, nutation, and DAS spectroscopies.