离子液体溶解纤维素的研究

纤维素是一种可生物降解的天然高分子材料,由于纤维素含有大量的分子间和分子内氢键,导致纤维素难溶于水和一般的有机溶剂。现有的溶剂存在稳定性差,具有毒性,难以回收等缺点,对纤维素的加工、利用造成困难,因此,寻找新型绿色溶剂成为纤维素开发的热点和难点。离子液体是一种新型高效绿色溶剂,在一定条件下可以溶解纤维素、角蛋白等生物大分子,离子液体的出现为纤维素的溶解提供了一种环境友好、可生物降解的溶剂体系,具有广阔的应用前景。本文就不同种类离子液体溶解纤维素的溶解度以及影响溶解度几种因素进行了综述,总结了离子液体与纤维素作用机理以及离子液体的回收方法,为纤维素的加工利用提供了理论依据和工业指导。

Study on Dissolving Cellulose by Ionic Liquids

Cellulose is a type of biodegradable natural polymer material, however, it is difficult to be dissolved in water and common organic solvents due to the strong inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonds. The traditional solvents have disadvantages such as poor stability, toxicity, and difficultyin recycling. Therefore, searching for a new green solvent has become a hot but difficult point in the development of cellulose. Ionic liquid is a new and efficient green solvent, which can dissolve cellulose, keratin and other biological macromolecules under certain conditions. The emergence of ionic liquids provides an environmentally friendly and biodegradable solvent system for the dissolution of cellulose, which has a broad application prospect. This review summarized the solubility of cellulose dissolved by different kinds of ionic liquid and several factors affecting the solubility, the mechanism of action between ionic liquid and cellulose and the recovery method of ionic liquids, which provides theoretical basis and industrial guidance for the processing and utilization of cellulose.