Analysis and occurrence of alkylphenolic compounds and estrogens in a European river basin and an evaluation of their importance as priority pollutants |
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Authors: | Rikke Brix Cristina Postigo Susana González Marta Villagrasa Asuncion Navarro Marina Kuster Maria J Lopez de Alda Damià Barceló |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain 2. CETaqua, Water Technology Center, Campus Norte de la UPC, Passeig dels Til·lers 3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain 3. Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, C/ Emili Grahit 101, Edifici H2O, 17003, Girona, Spain 4. BMG Engineering AG, Ifangstrasse 11, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
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Abstract: | As a part of a project aiming to assess the potential toxicological effects of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems, the objective
of this work was to determine the occurrence of several selected endocrine-disrupting compounds in water and sediment and
to estimate the estrogenicity of the water. The study consisted of four sampling campaigns at seven sampling points in the
lower Llobregat catchment area (NE Spain). Water and sediment samples underwent chemical target analysis for 19 steroid estrogens
and alkylphenols, which are known to be endocrine-disrupting compounds. In this study, the only estrogens detected in the
water samples were estrone and estrone-sulfate, which were found at low levels (2–5 ng l−1). The alkylphenolic compound showing the highest concentrations was nonylphenol di-ether carboxylate (NP2EC), which was found
at levels up to 30.62 μg l−1 in water samples and 535 ng g−1 in sediment samples. K
d was determined for several alkylphenolic compounds and showed the expected trend of decreasing K
d with increasing polarity. The concentrations of nonylphenol and octylphenol only exceeded the annual average of the European
Union’s environmental quality standards (EQS) in one sampling point. However, the calculated estrogenic potential surpassed
the expected effect concentration in several sampling points, indicating a potential risk. Therefore, we recommend that future
EQS include short-chain alkylphenol ethoxylates and carboxylates. |
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