光谱分析方法在同位素检测中的研究和应用进展

同位素在核工业为主的各种工业生产中受到广泛的关注，并推动着地质学、材料科学、化学等相关学科的发展。近年来，基于光谱分析原理的同位素分析方法的开发逐渐受到关注。虽然多接收杯电感耦合等离子体质谱（MC-ICP-MS）、热电离质谱（TIMS）和气体同位素质谱（IRMS）等质谱技术是同位素分析的标准方法，但是这些质谱方法通常需要复杂的样品前处理流程以及频繁的仪器维护。光谱分析方法在这些方面有着自身独特优势，甚至可以满足现场实时快速的同位素分析，并在核工业同位素分析和传统稳定同位素分析领域已经取得了日益广泛的应用。随着光谱仪器关键部件和数据处理方法的进一步发展，极大地改善了光谱法同位素分析的性能（灵敏度、分辨率和精密度），使光谱分析方法被逐渐开发并应用于环境和地质同位素分析领域。综述了光谱分析方法在同位素分析（定量或定性）领域的主要进展，从光谱分析原理的角度归类为发射光谱（原子发射、分子发射、拉曼光谱）和吸收光谱（原子吸收、分子吸收）两大类。着重讨论了光谱法进行同位素分析的基本原理、发展历程以及重要进展，简述了与质谱法相比的优缺点。针对仍然有待突破的技术难点，展望了光谱法应用于同位素分析的发展前景。该综述可为光谱分析方法在同位素检测中的发展方向提供重要参考。

Research Progress of Isotope Analysis Method Based on Optical Spectroscopy

Isotope analysis has attracted much attention in various industrial fields dominated by the nuclear industry, and it has promoted the development of geology, materials science, chemistry and other related disciplines. In recent years, the optical isotope analysis method has attracted increasing attention. Mass spectrometry methods, such as multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS), thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), are the standard methods of isotopic analysis. However, they typically require complex sample pretreatment procedures and frequent instrumental maintenance. In this regard, optical isotope analysis methods possess their unique advantages.They can even meet the on-site real-time and rapid isotope analysis, which has already shined in nuclear industry isotope analysis and traditional stable isotope analysis. With the further development of key components of spectroscopy instruments and data processing methods, the performance of spectroscopy analysis, such as sensitivity, resolution and precision, has been greatly improved, so that optical isotope analysis methods have been developed rapidly and applied to the isotope analysis of environmental and geological samples. This article reviews the progress of the optical isotope analysis methods, classified into emission spectroscopy (atomic emission spectroscopy, molecular emission spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy) and absorption spectroscopy (atomic absorption and molecular absorption) from the perspective of the principle of spectroscopic analysis. It mainly focuses on the basic principle, development history and important progress of these methods, and the advantages, and limitations compared with mass spectrometry are also briefly described. It also discussed the prospects of optical isotope analysis,especially the technical difficulties that still need to be broken through. This review will provide a reference for understanding the development of optical isotope analysis.