Potential benefits of a non-linear stiffness in an energy harvesting device |
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Authors: | R Ramlan M J Brennan B R Mace I Kovacic |
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Institution: | (1) SINTEF, P. O. Box 124 Blindern, 0314 Oslo, Norway;(2) aixACCT Systems GmbH, Dennewartstr. 25-27, 52068 Aachen, Germany; |
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Abstract: | The benefits of using a non-linear stiffness in an energy harvesting device comprising a mass–spring–damper system are investigated.
Analysis based on the principle of conservation of energy reveals a fundamental limit of the effectiveness of any non-linear
device over a tuned linear device for such an application. Two types of non-linear stiffness are considered. The first system has a non-linear
bi-stable snap-through mechanism. This mechanism has the effect of steepening the displacement response of the mass as a function
of time, resulting in a higher velocity for a given input excitation. Numerical results show that more power is harvested
by the mechanism if the excitation frequency is much less than the natural frequency. The other non-linear system studied
has a hardening spring, which has the effect of shifting the resonance frequency. Numerical and analytical studies show that
the device with a hardening spring has a larger bandwidth over which the power can be harvested due to the shift in the resonance
frequency. |
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