聚合物基微纳米功能复合材料3D打印加工的研究

高分子材料3D打印加工可制备传统加工不能制备的形状复杂的高分子制件,是近年来发展很快的先进制造技术。但适用于3D打印加工的高分子材料种类少,结构功能单一,难以制备高分子功能器件。本文介绍了我们在聚合物基微纳米功能复合材料3D打印加工方面的研究工作:通过有机/无机杂化、固相剪切碾磨、超声辐照、分子复合等技术制备适合于选择性激光烧结(SLS)和熔融沉积成型(FDM)的聚合物基微纳米功能复合材料;实现了聚合物基微纳米功能复合粉体的SLS加工和功能复合丝条的FDM加工;研究了3D打印低维构建、层层叠加、自由界面成型、复杂固-液-固转变过程;建立了功能复合粉体球形化技术,发明了直接熔融挤出新型FDM打印机;制备了常规加工方法不能制备的数种形状复杂的功能器件,如尼龙11/钛酸钡压电器件、柔性聚氨酯/碳纳米管传感器、个性化人颌骨模型等,突破了传统加工难以制备复杂形状制品和目前3D打印难以制备功能制品的局限。

Studies on 3D Printing of Polymer-based Micro/Nano Functional Composites

The 3D printing of polymer materials,as an advanced and rapidly developed manufacturing technology,can fabricate polymer parts with very complicated shape and structure that can't be achieved by traditional polymer processing technology.However,it is difficult to prepare the polymer devices with desired shapes and functions due to only few single component polymer materials suitable for 3D printing.This paper introduced our research work on 3D printing of polymer based micro/nano functional composites.By using organic-inorganic hybrid,solid state shear milling,ultrasonic irradiation,molecular complexation,etc.,a series of polymer-based micro/nano functional composites suitable for selective laser sintering (SLS) and fused deposition modeling (FDM) processing were successfully prepared.The SLS processing of functional polymer-based micro/nano composite powders and FDM processing of functional composite filaments were successfully realized.The low-dimensional construction,layer by layer superposition,free interface forming and complicated solid-liquid-solid phase transition in 3D printing process were investigated.The novel technique for spheroidization of polymer-based micro/nano powders was established,and the new directly melt-extruded FDM printer was invented.A lot of polymer parts with complicated geometric shapes and functions,such as PA11/BaTiO3 piezoelectric device,flexible PU/CNTs sensor,individualized mandible model,etc.,which can't be manufactured by traditional polymer processing technology,were successfully fabricated by optimizing 3D printing process.This is a big breakthrough in manufacturing polymer parts with complicated shapes and functions that can't be prepared by traditional polymer processing and the current 3D printing technologies.