Temporal behaviour of open-circuit photovoltaic solitons |
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Authors: | Zhang Mei-Zhi Lu Ke-Qing Cheng Guang-Hu Li Ke-Hao Zhang Yi-Qi Zhang Yu-Hong and Zhang Yan-Peng |
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Institution: | State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciencess, Xi'an 710119, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; Department of Electronic Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China |
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Abstract: | Based on the time-dependent band-transport model in a photorefractive medium, dark open-circuit photovoltaic (PV) solitons are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Compared with those of the time-independent models, our theoretical results revealed that quasi-steady-state and steady-state PV solitons can both be obtained. Our results also revealed that when r < 1 (r is the normalized intensity at infinity), the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of solitons decreases monotonically to a constant value; when r > 1, however, the FWHM of solitons first decreases to a minimum before it increases to a constant value. Moreover, the FWHM of steady solitons decreases with increasing intensity ratio
for r < 1, and increases with increasing intensity ratio for r > 1. We further observed dark PV solitons in experiments, and recorded their evolution. These results indicated that steady solitons can be observed at low optical power, while
quasi-steady-state solitons can only be generated at higher optical power. Good agreement is found between theory and experiment. |
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Keywords: | temporal behaviour photovoltaic
solitons photorefractive effect |
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