Use of high pressures for solving problems of hypersonic aerodynamics

The use of high pressures in a hypersonic aerodynamic experiment is founded on physical grounds. Calculation results of Mach and Reynolds numbers reachable at the line of gas condensation are given as functions of the temperature and pressure in the plenum chamber. Approaches to solving problems of designing ultrahigh-pressure facilities that ensure outflow with pressures up to20,000 atm are described. These problems include the stop of the first-stage piston at the point of maximum pressure, suppression of the reaction force, provision of normal operation of seals of the moving piston, and reduction of friction forces in the seals. The principles considered are used in an actually operating facility. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 41, No. 5, pp. 103–114, September–October, 2000.