核酸适配体生物传感器在三聚氰胺检测中的应用进展

三聚氰胺常被非法添加到食品中,以提高食品中蛋白质的含量。但是,三聚氰胺一旦进入体内,会对人们的健康造成伤害。因此,对三聚氰胺的检测十分必要。为了弥补传统仪器检测法和免疫检测法的不足,基于核酸适配体开发了一系列新的生物传感器,用于三聚氰胺的检测。按照与三聚氰胺的不同识别机制,把这些新的生物传感器分成了四类,分别为基于多聚胸腺嘧啶DNA链和三聚氰胺识别的生物传感器、基于无嘌呤位点的三链DNA结构和三聚氰胺识别的生物传感器、基于核酸适配体和三聚氰胺识别的生物传感器、基于三聚氰胺和汞离子/铜离子等配位识别的生物传感器。本文按照上述四类方法逐个展开,对核酸适配体生物传感器在三聚氰胺检测中的应用进行了综述,并对它们的优缺点进行阐述。

Application progress of aptamer-based biosensor in melamine detection

Melamine is often illegally added to food to phonily boost the protein content.However,once melamine enters human body,it can cause harm to people’s health.Therefore,it is extremely necessary to detect melamine.Recently,in order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional methods and immunoassays,a series of new biosensors have been developed for the detection of melamine based on aptamer.These new biosensors are classified into four categories according to their different recognition mechanisms which are the recognition between poly-thymine DNA strand and melamine,the recognition between three-stranded DNA structure with AP site and melamine,the recognition between aptamer and melamine,and coordination recognition between melamine and mercury ion/silver ion.In this paper,the application of aptamer-based biosensor in melamine detection is reviewed,and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.