Study of the ElectromagneticScattering from the Very Rough Fractal Sea Surface

In this paper, based on the fundamental formulae of the first-order and second-order Kirchhoff approximation andwith consideration of the shadowing effect, the backscatteringenhancement of the one-dimensional very rough fractal sea surfacewith Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum is studied under the second-order Kirchhoffapproximation at microwave frequency. The numerical results are compared with those of the first-order Kirchhoff approximation and integral equation method. The dependencies of the bistaticscattering cross section and the backscattering enhancement onthe incident angle, fractal dimension, and windspeed over thesea surface are analyzed in detail.