Asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral olefins catalysed by furanoside thioether-phosphinite Rh(I) and Ir(I) complexes

Thioether-phosphinite ligands (P-SR, R = Ph, Pr(I) and Me) bearing substituents with different steric demands on the sulfur centre were tested in the rhodium- and iridium-catalysed asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral olefins. High enantiomeric excesses (up to 96%) and good activities (TOF up to 860 mol product x (mol catalyst precursor x h)(-1)) were obtained for alpha-acylaminoacrylates derivatives. Our results show that enantiomeric excesses depended strongly on the steric properties of the substituent in the thioether moiety, the metal source and the substrate structure. A bulky group in the thioether moiety along with the metal Rh had a positive effect on enantioselectivity. Reaction of these chiral ligands with M(cod)2]BF4(M = Ir, Rh; cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) yielded complexes M(cod)(P-SR)]BF4, which were present in only one diastereomeric form having the sulfur substituent in a pseudoaxial disposition. The addition of H2 to iridium complexes gave the cis-dihydridoiridium(iii) complexes IrH2(cod)(P-SR)]BF4. For complexes IrH2(cod)(P-SPh)]BF4 and IrH2(cod)(P-SMe)] only one isomer was present in solution. However, for the complex IrH2(cod)(P-Si-Pr)]BF4, which contained the more hindered substituent on sulfur, two isomers were detected. In all cases there was a pseudoaxial disposition of the sulfur substituents.