Impact of hair-care products on FAEE hair concentrations in substance abuse monitoring |
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Authors: | Gareri Joey Appenzeller Brice Walasek Paula Koren Gideon |
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Institution: | (1) Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada;(2) Laboratory of Analytical Human Biomonitoring, Universit? du Luxembourg, 162A avenue de la Fa?encerie, 1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;(3) Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada |
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Abstract: | Previous studies have indicated that the use of high-ethanol-content (>65%) hair-care products may elevate fatty acid ethyl
ester (FAEE) concentrations in hair. In this case series, nine individuals were identified by FAEE analysis to be chronic
alcohol abusers in the context of child-welfare substance abuse monitoring. Based on patient claims of moderate or no alcohol
consumption, the presence of ethanol in the patients’ hair-care regimens was investigated. Samples were additionally tested
for the presence of ethyl glucuronide (EtG). From a total of nine patients, 12 hair samples were submitted for analysis. Patient
histories were obtained as well as Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) listing hair-care product ethanol content. Hair samples
were pre-washed to remove external contamination and analyzed for FAEE and EtG by GC-MS. According to the Society of Hair
Testing consensus guidelines, FAEE levels exceeding 0.50 ng/mg and/or EtG levels exceeding 30 pg/mg indicate chronic excessive
alcohol consumption. Upon initial analysis, the nine samples exhibited positive FAEE findings ranging from 0.496 to 4.984 ng/mg.
MSDS review revealed the presence of ethanol from 10% to 95% by volume in at least one hair-care product used by each individual.
Results of the EtG analysis ranged from 1.9 to 23.5 pg/mg. These findings indicate that regular use of products with ethanol
content as low as 10% can impact FAEE results. EtG analysis should be used to confirm FAEE findings and appears to be unaffected
by hair-care products, likely due to alternative mechanisms of incorporation. |
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