Effects of the trimodal random field on the magnetic properties of a spin-1 Ising nanotube

In this work,the hysteresis behavior of a nanotube,consisting of a ferromagnetic core of spin-1 atoms surrounded by a ferromagnetic shell of spin-1 atoms with ferro-or anti-ferromagnetic interfacial coupling is studied in the presence of a random magnetic field.Based on a probability distribution method,the effective-field theory has been used to investigate the effects of the random magnetic field,the interfacial coupling constant,and the temperature on the hysteresis loops of the nanotube.Some characteristic behaviors have been found,such as the existence of double or triple hysteresis loops for appropriate values of the system parameters.The remanent magnetization and the coercive field,as functions of the temperature,are examined.