Index four orientable embeddings and case zero of the Heawood conjecture |
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Authors: | David J Pengelley M Jungerman |
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Affiliation: | Department of Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 USA;Department of Mathematics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA |
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Abstract: | By imposing a special symmetry, we are able to construct index four triangular embeddings of graphs in compact orientable 2-manifolds. Because of the complexity of the current graphs required, such embeddings have heretofore been unattainable, but the imposed symmetry reduces the problem to constructing a special kind of index two current graph. We illustrate the method with a solution for case zero of the Heawood conjecture, using an abelian group, thus completing a constructive proof of the Heawood map color theorem, and eliminating the need for Galois field theory and nonabelian groups in its solution. The method has also been used in the determination of the genus of Kn,n,n,n. |
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