Use of Crustacean Shells for Uptake and Removal of Metal Ions in Solution

Abstract

The use of crustacean shells, in particular crab shells, for the removal of metal ions in solution is described. Research studies found in the literature on the ability of the shells, effect of particle size, pH, competitive studies in mixtures of metals, application to real samples such as acid mine drainage, and use of the shells in a column are presented. The major component of the shells that allows uptake to occur is chitin. Several mechanisms are proposed for uptake. There are conflicting accounts in the literature on such areas as the effect of pH, flow rate, and particle size.