含能盐和含能离子液体

近年来含能盐和含能离子液体由于其独特的性质而受到广泛关注。本文综述了多种含能盐和含能离子液体（阳离子包括三唑、四唑、双环唑、六次甲基四胺等；阴离子包括硝酸根、高氯酸根、硝基唑、叠氮根、四硝基铝、多腈基化合物、二硝基尿素等）的合成；结合其表征结果分析了阳离子上的取代基以及阴阳离子对它们的性能如熔点、生成焓、密度等的影响。对含能盐和含能离子液体在炸药和推进剂方面的应用进行了展望。

Energetic Salts and Energetic Ionic Liquids

Energetic salts and energetic ionic liquids have been investigated widely in recent years for their properties, such as low vapor pressures and higher densities. The synthesis methods of energetic salts and energetic ionic liquids (cations including triazole, tetrazole, bridged azole, hexamethyenetetrammonia, etc; and anions including nitrate, perchlorate, azide, tetranitratealuminate, polycyan anion, N,N′-dinitrourea, etc.) are reviewed, and the effect of cations, anions and their substitution groups on melting point, enthalpy of formation, density of the material are summarized. The applications of these compounds on explosives and propellants are also discussed. Contents
1 Introduction
2 Synthesis of energetic ionic liquids
2.1 Synthesis of triazolium salts
2.2 Synthesis of tetrazolium salts
2.3 Synthesis of energetic hexamethylenetetrammonium salts
2.4 Synthesis of azolium picrates
2.5 Synthesis of imidazolium salts
2.6 Synthesis of bicyclic azolium salts
2.7 Synthesis of energetic salts with polycyan anion
2.8 Synthesis of N, N-bis1(2)H-tetrazol-5-yl]amine energetic salts anion
2.9 Synthesis of N, N′-dinitrourea salts
3 Characteristics of the energetic salts
3.1 Characteristics of the triazolium salts with no substitution
3.2 Characteristics of the triazolium salts containing –NH₂
3.3 Characteristics of the triazolium salts containing azidoethyl
3.4 Characteristics of the tetrazolium salts containing –NH₂
3.5 Characteristics of azolium azolate salts
3.6 Characteristics of energetic hexamethylenetetrammonium salts
3.7 Characteristics of azolium picrates
3.8 Characteristics of imidazolium salts
3.9 Characteristics of energetic salts with polycyan anion
3.10 Characteristics of N, N-bis1(2)H-tetrazol-5-yl]amine energetic salts anion 3.11 Characteristics of N, N′-dinitrourea salts
4 The foreground of application for energetic ionic liquids