Emerging applications of near-infrared fluorescent metal nanoclusters for biological imaging |
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Authors: | Jie Xu Li Shang |
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Institution: | a State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene(NPU), Xi'an 710072, China;
b NPU-QMUL Joint Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Structures(JRI-AMAS), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China |
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Abstract: | Fluorescent metal nanoclusters (MNCs) have recently emerged as a novel kind of promising fluorescent probes for biological imaging because of their ultrasmall core size (<2 nm), strong photoluminescence, facile availability and good biocompatibility. In this review, we provide an update on recent advances in the development of near infrared (NIR)-emitting MNCs in terms of synthesis strategies and bioimaging applications. We mainly focus on the utilization of NIR-emitting MNCs (including Au, Ag, Cu and alloy NCs) either as single modal imaging (fluorescence intensity-based imaging, fluorescence lifetime imaging, two-photon imaging) probes or as multimodal imaging (such as NIR fluorescence/X-ray computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging, NIR fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging/magnetic resonance imaging, NIR fluorescence/single photon emission computed tomography) probes in biological cells and tissues. Finally, we give a brief outlook on the future challenges and prospects of developing NIR-emitting MNCs for bioimaging. |
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Keywords: | Metal nanoclusters Fluorescent probes Cellular imaging Near-infrared |
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