长江中游地区战国青铜箭镞的锈蚀形态

利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、显微硬度等分析测试技术从材料科学和物理学的角度对长江中游地区战国晚期占楚墓中出土地的青铜箭镞的锈蚀现象进行了较为全面的研究和分析．发现由于锈蚀程度不同,青铜箭镞的组织结构可分为完全矿化层、过渡层和心部原始材料等3个特征层,其中主要成分为氧化物的完全矿化层的结构最疏松,硬度最低;另外,由于埋藏环境的不同,不同地区的锈蚀分层又有差异．实验还对两种类型的开裂裂纹进行了分析,认为一种裂纹是由矿化层氧化物膨胀引起的剥离开裂,进一步发展形成所谓的“粉状锈”;另一种裂纹是当圆柱形箭镞杆膨胀时,矿化层的塑性差,抗变形能力低而产生的开裂．

Rust-Eaten Morphology of Bronze Arrows of Warring States Period Excavated in Middle Yangtse River Region

The ancient bronze arrows made in late Spring-Autumn Warring States Period in the middle Yangtse River region were examined by using scanning electron microscopic(SEM),energy-disperse spectrometer(EDS) and microhardness tester.It was found that according to the degree of rust-eaten,the arrow microstructure was composed of three distinction layers including completely mineralized layer which exhibited the loosest morphology and the lowest hardness,transition layer and core original material.In addition,different regions showed variant rust-eaten degree due to the environmental conditions.Two types of micro-cracks were also observed from the cross-section of the arrows.The one was the result of expansion in the mineralized layer when the environmental temperature and humidity changed which further gradual development would finally induce a so-called "powder rusty".The other was the result of the low toughness and deformability in cylindrical arrow cross-section.