微流控层流技术的研究

基于微型通道自身的层流特点而发展起来的多相层流技术，从最初的液-液微萃取开始，由于其结构加工简单、操作方便和分析功能强大，已逐渐发展成为一种加工分析方法，为微流控分析的研究应用打开了一个崭新的局面。本文概述了层流的基本原理，总结了近10年来在这方面的研究，包括层流界面间的分子扩散、转移现象和化学反应，以及层流刻蚀加工技术及其在制备纳米材料和在生命医学方面的应用。具体介绍了应用层流技术进行微芯片的加工制作，微型反应器的制备，离子、分子的分离分析，聚合物薄膜的形成和应用，微通道内有机合成反应的控制，溶液的浓度梯度控制以及在免疫检测中的应用，对细胞、生物大分子的操作控制，以及对生物试剂的预处理分析等。

Development of Multiphase Laminar Flow on Microfluidic Analysis

The phenomenon of laminar flow in micro-channel has drawn increasing attention since its first application for micro scale liquid-liquid extraction. Due to its simple fabrication process, easy and convenient handling, and powerful capability to pattern topographical structures on microchips, it has been developed into a fabrication andanalysis method, opening up a new direction for microfluidic research. In this paper, the theory and recent development of multiphase laminar flow in microfluidics, particularly molecular diffusion, transfer and chemical reactions through the laminar flow interface, laminar flow etching for microchannels, and its applications in preparation of nano materials and bioanalysis are investigated and discussed. Examples are given, including fabrication of microfluidic chips with laminarflow, preparation of microreactors, separation and analysis of ions and molecules, formation and decoration of polymer membrane, organic synthesis in microchannels, control of solution concentrations for immunoassay, single cell analysis, micromolecule manipulation, and pretreatment of bioreagents.