基于核酸适体的电化学生物传感器

核酸适体是一类体外筛选的、可与目标分子高效、高特异亲合的RNA或DNA寡核苷酸片段，与常规识别分子（如抗体等）相比，核酸适体作为一类新型识别分子具有明显特色和优势，已被广泛应用于生物传感等分子识别和应用研究领域。本文就基于核酸适体的电化学生物传感器（标记型和非标记型）的近期进展作简要评述，包括适体简介、标记型（“信号衰减”型、“信号增强”型、酶标记型和纳米粒子标记型）和非标记型电化学适体生物传感器等内容。

Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Biosensors

The aptamers are DNA or RNA oligonucleotides selected in vitro that can bind their targets with high affinity and high specificity. As a kind of new and special recognition molecules, the aptamers present notable advantages over conventional recognition molecules, such as antibody, thus they have received great attention and been widely utilized in various fields involving molecular recognition and relevant applications, especially in biosensing. In this review, we briefly summarize the recent progress of aptamer-based electrochemical biosensors, involving introduction of aptamer and “signal-on”-type, “signal-off”-type, enzyme-labeled, nanoparticle-labeled and nonlabeled aptamer-based electrochemical biosensors.Contents
1 Brief introduction of aptamer
2 Aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor
2.1 Labeled aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor
2.2 Non-labeled aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor
3 Conclusions and perspectives