La掺杂 BiFeO3对苯酚光催化降解性能的影响

苯酚是一种稳定、毒性大且难降解的有机物,对人类和生态环境产生很大威胁,因此急需研发出能有效移除工业废水中苯酚污染物的方法.其中,绿色、高效的光催化氧化技术得到研究人员青睐.在半导体光催化剂中, BiFeO3具有带隙窄(2.2–2.5 eV)、化学稳定性好及成本低等优点,被看作是最有潜力的光催化剂.但是, BiFeO3存在光生电子空穴对复合率高,制备过程中易形成杂质相的缺点,使得其光催化活性很差,限制了 BiFeO3在光催化领域的应用.异种离子的引入能产生杂质能级或裁剪半导体带隙,同时促进光生载流子分离,故可考虑采用离子掺杂改性 BiFeO3的手段来抑制杂质相生成,提高载流子分离,从而提高 BiFeO3的光催化性能.本文以柠檬酸为络合剂,通过一步溶胶凝胶法合成了系列样品 Bi1-xLaxFeO3(摩尔分数x =0,0.10,0.15,0.20).通过 X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射(UV-Vis DRS)及荧光光谱(PL)等手段对不同样品的物相、形貌、表面价态和光学性能进行了表征.并通过活性物种捕获实验和羟基自由基(?OH)产生实验分析了 Bi0.85La0.15FeO3样品在苯酚降解过程中的主要活性物种和降解机理.相对于单相 BiFeO3, La改性 BiFeO3催化剂的光降解苯酚性能均有提高,其中 La最佳掺杂量为0.15.在模拟太阳光下照射180 min后, Bi0.85La0.15FeO3的光催化活性达到96%,同时 COD去除率达到81.53%,并表现出好的循环使用活性和稳定性.研究发现,该光催化过程中主要的活性物种为?OH. XRD, SEM, TEM和 EDS结果表明, La元素掺杂进 BiFeO3结构中,且各元素分布均匀,同时,适量 La元素掺杂能有效抑制杂质相 Bi25FeO40的形成,而且 La掺杂 BiFeO3样品的颗粒尺寸略有减小,有利于电子空穴转移. XPS显示, La改性 BiFeO3样品的表面有氧空位形成,将有利于有机物的吸附和降解；另外,羟基氧和吸附氧含量增大,有利于活性氧物种形成. UV-Vis DRS和 PL测试证明, La改性后的样品对可见光的响应增强,样品带隙变窄,产生杂质能级,抑制了光生载流子复合,有利于产生更多载流子来促进活性物种形成,从而提高光催化活性.氧物种捕获实验说明,在 Bi0.85La0.15FeO3参与的苯酚降解过程中的主要活性物种是?OH,同时?OH的产生实验也证明了在光照下?OH在 Bi0.85La0.15FeO3光催化剂表面持续产生,并提出了光催化降解机理.

Influence of lanthanum-doping on photocatalytic properties of BiFeO3 for phenol degradation

A series of BiFeO3 and lanthanum‐doped BiFeO3 photocatalysts were synthesized by a facile sol‐gel method using citric acid as complexing agent, and used to remove phenol in industrial wastewater under simulated sunlight irradiation. The samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV‐Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The introduction of La effectively suppressed the generation of an impurity phase. All the metals (La, Bi and Fe) are well distributed. Under simulated sunlight irradiation, the La‐doped BiFeO3 photocatalysts exhibited superior photocatalytic activity to pure BiFeO3. The 15%La‐doped BiFeO3 photocatalyst exhibited the best activity, with a degradation rate of 96%and COD removal rate of 81.53%after irradiation for 180 min, and it showed good recycling stability. The enhanced photocatalytic ability of 15% La‐doped BiFeO3 was attributed to the in‐crease of adsorbed surface hydroxyl groups, enhancement of visible light absorption and reduction of electron‐hole recombination. We confirmed that the primary active species was ?OH by adding different scavengers during the photodegradation of phenol and proposed a reaction mechanism based on these experiments.